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Topic 1: Law Code of Hammurabi

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The code was written by King Hammurabi around 1750 BCE, a time when civilization was growing and changing rapidly (Jarus, 2022). A civilization under this dynamic prompted leaders who oversee these citizens, needed to take specific measures that would maintain peace and order in their community. Thus, the creation and implementation of the code of Hammurabi and its 282 laws.

 

The code and its laws were written in a cause-effect format. Each law was written in such a way that it gave clear description on the consequences that would happen should certain applicable acts and events take place and/or are committed. To point out, this format is also what this code is known for, “an eye for an eye”. The laws written in this code pioneered the concepts of being “guilty until proven innocent” and “retaliatory justice” (Andrews, 2018), which are still being used in modern law. Taking this concept into consideration, it made sense why the first few laws discussed the consequences of false accusation and the inability to prove a crime. If the claim cannot be proven or is proven to be false, then the punishment cannot take place. The rest of the laws went into specific punishments against known crimes such as theft, adultery, murder, etc.

 

One of the major concerns in these laws were how most of the punishments in them result to harsh penalties that inflict physical damage to the convicted, with some laws going straight for the extreme punishment of death. The harshness  of the punishments implies how these laws were made to ensure that its citizens would follow it, even if it meant that they follow them out of fear. Laws were supposedly made to maintain peace and order, but these laws seemed to have been made to benefit people who belong in a better half of the society than the other.

 

Sources:

 

Jarus, O. (2022).  Code of hammurabi: Ancient babylonian laws. Live Science.  https://www.livescience.com/39393-code-of-hammurabi.html

 

Andrews, E. (2018).  8 things you may know know about hammurabi’s code. History.  https://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-may-not-know-about-hammurabis-code

Reply to Thread

 

 

Hammurabi the king and ruler of Babylon, he started his rain in 1792 BC ruling for 43 years. Some may call Hammurabi the founder of rules due to his idea of bringing most of the cities of Mesopotamia under one law with one set of rules being his. This can definitely be seen as a positive thing seeing as how before that each of the cities had their own set of rules and laws that people would unconsciously break and get in trouble for just for simply not knowing they even existed. Hammurabi created the Hammurabi’s code which were a set of laws adding up to a total of 282 and was written on an 8 foot stone stab. The main idea of the stone stab was to make sure everyone knew what the laws were and what the punishment for breaking them would be.

How is the Code organized?

The Code was organized by individual rights, property rights, trade, family offenses, and labor matters.

Why do you think some laws are first?

Thinking back to the stone stab, I would presume it’d only makes sense to put the most important laws first due to perhaps people not reading the full thing or getting lost in the middle somewhere. If the more important laws are places first they can be easier to see by the eye and therefor remembered more often making it more than likely not broken as likely as other laws.

What do the laws tell you about the nature of early urban life?

The laws tell me that urban life was still underdeveloped yet at the same time shows proof of evolving. To explain, there were a lot of laws that were unjust, and the whole “eye for an eye” being taken very much literally makes it that much worse. Sure that can work, but in very few cases would that be helpful because now a lot of innocent people are being taken advantage of and one is too many as is. Now going on to the  evolving point, these set of laws had the right idea when they were founded, they wanted to bring everyone together under one set of rules that sets aside all confusion and excuses of crimes, In return you get a more structured and all in all successful society. Later on they do develop into laws we see today and become the “founding idea” if you will.

What seem to be major concerns?

Once again the major concern I saw was the eye for an eye part of the structure of the law being taken literal. The example of used of the house that the builder built getting destroyed and killing the son of the home owner due to supposed unproven a job done incorrectly therefor giving the homeowner permission to kill the builder’s son is a perfect example of my point. No where in that story is there any justice for anyone, all this does is kill off a young kid’s future that has done nothing wrong his whole life over an angry, lost, unrational decision of a father who lost his son.

Do the laws seem just? Why or why not?

A simple answer to this is no, at least in today’s society’s standards. However if we truly give it a moment’s thought and think about how the lifestyle was in the urban life, these set of laws and rules were as just as they could of been. It was definitely and improvement of the chaos spread among the people and the confusion that was there none stop, these laws helped bring order and a decent amount of justice. One can even say they had their heart in the right place but could not yet bring them to their full potential.

 

Topic 2: Classical Greece

 

Classical Greece

Who do you think were the intended audiences of Pericles’ Funeral Oration and Xenophon’s description of the Spartan state?

Xenophon’s portrayal of the Spartan state and Pericles’ Funeral Oration may have been intended for two different audiences. The Athenians heard Pericles’ Funeral Oration amid the Peloponnesian War to honor the dead soldiers and feel pride in their democratic government (Fordham University, 2019a). In contrast, Xenophon, an Athenian military historian, commended the Spartan administration and military training system in his book The Polity of the Spartans.

How might their purpose and intended audience affect their tone?

The tone of each exertion may have been altered by the context in which it was made. The purpose of Pericles’ speech was to build enthusiasm and instill trust in Athenian democracy. Therefore, he focused on the positive aspects of Athenian society while glossing over its flaws. However, the work of Xenophon was written in praise of the Spartan system, and as such, it gave a favorable portrayal of Spartan culture and administration.

Can we take these accounts at face value? Why or why not?

Since both books were written several decades after the events discussed, they might have been influenced by prejudices and contain inaccuracies. Though they shed light on the worldviews of ancient Athenians and Spartans, they should not be accepted as accounts of face value (Fordham University, 2019b). Additional analysis and research of many primary and secondary sources are required to grasp the represented civilizations.

What else would you like to know from the author?

Additionally, I would like to hear from the documents authors about their inspirations for composing the works, where they found their material, and how much governmental, social, and cultural issues of the present day played a role in shaping the content of their writing. The author’s biographies, histories, and cultural settings are all things I am curious about learning more about.

References

Fordham University. (2019a).  Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): Pericles’ Funeral Oration from the Peloponnesian War (Book 2.34-46). Fordham.edu; Paul Halsall.  https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ancient/pericles-funeralspeech.asp

Fordham University. (2019b).  Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): The Polity of the Spartans, c. 375 BCE. Fordham.edu; Paul Halsall.  https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ancient/xeno-sparta1.asp

 

 

Who do you think were the intended audiences of Pericles’ Funeral Oration and Xenophon’s description of the Spartan state?

I believe that Pericle’s Funeral Oration was intended not only for the family members who had lost a loved one on the battlefield, but also for the entire state to hear. It is a mourning speech to pay respect to the ones who have died for the people. This speech goes on the lift up the spirits and motivate the troops that still have to go into battle. Pericles goes on to say that the lives of these men will not be taking in vain and that comfort is needed, not condolences. Xenophon’s description of the spartan state was designed to inform any type of audience that wanted to learn about how Lycurgos raised and trained the spartan men. This passage goes on to explain what an average life would look like in order for a spartan boy to earn his rite of passage into adulthood.

 

How might their purpose and intended audience affect their tone?

Since Pericles knew that he would be talking to people that were sad and mourning, I believe that he delivered this speech with a more comfort but still passionate tone. He had to let the audience know that he cared but he also wanted to motivate them. Xenophon’s tone was more of a neutral and informative tone. This passage was not a speech or sermon, this passage was just more of an informative article.

 

Can we take these accounts at face value? Why or why not?

Since none of us were there during this time, I don’t think that we can these accounts at face value. The truth is that we can only assume from what we read and I don’t believe that is enough.

 

What else would you like to know from the author?

I would like to know what their thoughts are on all of this. Do they feel the same way? Would they have answered these discussion questions the same way I did?

 

References:

Reilly, K. (2022). The Human Journey: A Concise Introduction to World History, Prehistory to 1450 (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): Pericles’ Funeral Oration from the Peloponnesian War (c. 430 BCE) –  http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/pericles-funeralspeech.asp

Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): The Polity of the Spartans, c. 375 BCE –  http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/xeno-sparta1.asp

Decision-making models are critical for making informed and consistent decisions. In this Assignment, you will use what you have learned about decision-making models to solve the organizational problem below.

 

Scenario

Imagine that you are an organizational consultant for JOHNSON & JOHNSON. You have been asked to recommend who should lead a new initiative to expand the company’s online presence. After several discussions and interviews, the leadership team shortlisted two candidates. Each candidate brings a different set of skills and expertise to the table and poses a few challenges.

 

The first candidate, Myra, is a 15-year veteran of the organization who has worked her way up from an intern to a very capable product manager. She has extensive knowledge of the company’s products and services and embodies the company’s culture and vision in her work. Myra is not well-versed in e-commerce and the technologies that will be needed to implement and launch the company’s online initiative. However, she is a fast learner, and the management position doesn’t require too much in-depth knowledge of technologies.

 

The second candidate, Michael, was hired six months ago and showed great promise as a leader and manager. He has an MBA from a reputable university and worked for a technology startup for three years before joining the company. He has no experience in pet supplies or related industries but knows how to launch an online company from the ground up.

 

Compare and contrast two different decision-making models addressed in your course resources, explaining how each would be used to approach the hiring decision.

Recommend which of the two decision-making models would be the best suited to help make the hiring decision and why.

Explain how the model you recommended would influence the decision-making process and outcome. You may use the following questions to help develop your response:

 

How does examining a business problem through the lens of different decision-making models teach us about decision-making?

What other business decisions or situations would your peers’ recommended decision-making models be most appropriate to use for, and why?

What other business decisions or situations would your recommended decision-making model be most appropriate to use for, and why?

Do you have questions for your peers about why they recommended the model they did?

Guidelines for Submission

Your submission is a Word document with 12-point Ariel font, double spacing, and one-inch margins.

 

Include all sources in APA format.

 

Design a correlational study, groups will need two variables with at least five sets of data. between these two variables: time spent playing video games and aggression.

Then in 500-750 words, do the following:

1. Create a hypothesis for the group’s study. Consider the hypothesis and how the group will define operationally and measure the variables.

2. Describe how the group will obtain a random sample of participants.

3. Assume the study produces a correlation of .56 between the variables. Analyze three possible causal reasons for the relationship.

4. Submit an SPSS output for the correlational study.

Use two to four scholarly resources to support your explanations.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

 

Typing Template for APA Papers: A Sample of Proper Formatting for APA Style

 

Student A. Sample

College Name,

Course Number: Course Title

Instructor’s Name

Running head: ASSIGNMENT TITLE HERE

 

 

1

 

Assignment Due Date

Typing Template for APA Papers: A Sample of Proper Formatting for APA Style

This is an electronic template for papers written according to the style of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2020) as outlined in the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. The purpose of the template is to help students set the margins and spacing. Margins are set at 1 inch for top, bottom, left, and right. The text is left-justified only; that means the left margin is straight, but the right margin is ragged. Each paragraph is indented 0.5 inch. It is best to use the tab key to indent, or set a first-line indent in the paragraph settings. The line spacing is double throughout the paper, even on the reference page. One space is used after punctuation at the end of sentences. The font style used in this template is Times New Roman and the font size is 12 point. This font and size is required for GCU papers.

The Section Heading

The heading above would be used if you want to have your paper divided into sections based on content. This is a Level 1 heading, and it is centered and bolded, and the initial word and each word of four or more letters is capitalized. The heading should be a short descriptor of the section. Note that not all papers will have headings or subheadings in them. Papers for beginning undergraduate courses (100 or 200 level) will generally not need headings beyond Level 1. The paper title serves as the heading for the first paragraph of the paper, so “Introduction” is not used as a heading.

Subsection Heading

The subheading above would be used if there are several sections within the topic labeled in a first level heading. This is a Level 2 heading, and it is flush left and bolded, and the initial word and each word of four or more letters is capitalized.

Subsection Heading

APA dictates that you should avoid having only one subsection heading and subsection within a section. In other words, use at least two subheadings under a main heading, or do not use any at all. Headings are used in order, so a paper must use Level 1 before using Level 2. Do not adjust spacing to change where on the page a heading falls, even if it would be the last line on a page.

The Title Page

When you are ready to write, and after having read these instructions completely, you can delete these directions and start typing. The formatting should stay the same. You will also need to change the items on the title page. Fill in your own title, name, course, college, instructor, and date. List the college to which the course belongs, such as College of Theology, College of Business, or College of Humanities and Social Sciences. GCU uses three letters and numbers with a hyphen for course numbers, such as CWV-101 or UNV-104. The date should be written as Month Day, Year. Spell out the month name.

Formatting References and Citations

APA Style includes rules for citing resources. The Publication Manual (APA, 2020) also discusses the desired tone of writing, grammar, punctuation, formatting for numbers, and a variety of other important topics. Although APA Style rules are used in this template, the purpose of the template is only to demonstrate spacing and the general parts of the paper. GCU has prepared an APA Style Guide available in the Student Success Center and on the GCU Library’s Citing Sources in APA guide (https://libguides.gcu.edu/APA) for help in correctly formatting according to APA Style.

The reference list should appear at the end of a paper. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text. A sample reference page is included below. This page includes examples of how to format different reference types. The first reference is to a webpage without a clear date, which is common with organizational websites (American Nurses Association, n.d.). Next is the Publication Manual referred to throughout this template (APA, 2020). Notice that the manual reference includes the DOI number, even though this is a print book, as the DOI was listed on book, and does not include a publisher name since the publisher is also the author. A journal article reference will also often include a DOI, and as this article has four authors, only the first would appear in the in-text citation (Copeland et al., 2013). Government publications like the Treatment Improvement Protocol series documents from the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (2014) are another common source found online. A book without a DOI is the last example (Holland & Forrest, 2017).

References

American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Scope of practice. https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/scope-of-practice/

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (2014). Improving cultural competence (HHS Publication No. 14-4849). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK248428/

Copeland, T., Henderson, B., Mayer, B., & Nicholson, S. (2013). Three different paths for tabletop gaming in school libraries. Library Trends, 61(4), 825–835. https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2013.0018

Holland, R. A., & Forrest, B. K. (2017). Good arguments: Making your case in writing and public speaking. Baker Academic.

 

 

 

Submit your post answering the questions below

and reply to two peers for full points

· Who uses LOINC ?

· What, if any, healthcare IT involvement is there in maintaining this code set?

· What did you think about Donna’s answer?

Skylar

Researchers, labs, providers, insurance companies and certain agencies use LOINC in various ways. The Regenstrief Institute founded and maintains LOINC. IT departments ensure the networks used by LOINC are operable to exchange data between various hospitals/organizations. They also provide feedback and make requests depending on what they need.

Overall, I don’t believe I grasped everything I should know about LOINC from Donna’s answer, but it definitely shows that LOINC promotes interoperability and standardizes terms in an organized manner.

 

References

Levy, B. (2014).  5 things you need to know about loinc. QCNet.

 

 

 

Tiffany

 

According to Donna everybody uses LOINC, which isn’t true but that’s what she said.

“Regenstrief Institute is the owner and overall steward of the LOINC vocabulary standard. Led by  Clem McDonald, MD  Links to an external site. , Regenstrief’s informaticians initiated the LOINC effort in 1994.Regenstrief serves as the standards development organization (SDO) for LOINC. The LOINC team at Regenstrief maintains the LOINC database and supporting documentation, processes submissions and edits to the content, develops and curates accessory content (descriptions, hierarchies, other attributes, etc), develops the RELMA mapping program, and coordinates LOINC releases. In addition, Regenstrief continues to cultivate the LOINC community worldwide.” ( Development –, 2022)

Donna’s answer was very confusing.  She said it wasn’t a lab and then corrected herself by saying it was a lab.  That video didn’t make any sense to me.

 

Reference

Development –. (2022, January 28). LOINC. https://loinc.org/about/loinc-development/

 

For Part 2 of your MAP, address the criteria below in your essay.

Clearly describe the desired outcome(s) from the implementation of your MAP.

· Consider limits on time, money, and other resources, and consider any constraints of the policy-making process that are specific to your MAP.

· Clearly identify the path from legislation to implementation that would facilitate your plan.

Be sure to consider the questions below as you clarify your measureable goal.

· What political elements and legislative processes are involved in your MAP?

· What goal are you trying to accomplish?

· What is the process of meeting your goal?

· What measurements and assessments will ensure the success of your MAP implementation?

· What realistic constraints do you have as you start to create your plan?

This part of the course project will be a minimum of three pages in length, not including the title and reference pages or material from previous project submissions. It should be organized well and contain an introduction.

At a minimum, your textbook should be used as reference material for this part of your project. You are also encouraged to use the CSU Online Library and other scholarly or reputable sources. All sources used must be cited and referenced in APA Style.